Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Understanding the Different Types of Begonias
- When to Plant Your Begonias
- Preparing the Perfect Spot
- How to Plant Begonia Tubers
- Water and Fertilizer: The Keys to Growth
- Caring for Your Begonias All Summer
- Design Ideas for Begonias
- Transitioning to Winter: Overwintering Begonias
- Growing Begonias as Houseplants
- Simple Troubleshooting Tips
- The Rewarding Nature of Begonias
- FAQ
- FAQ
Introduction
Finding bright, dependable color for the shaded parts of your yard is one of the most rewarding parts of gardening. While many plants prefer the heat of the full sun, begonias truly shine in the dappled light of a porch, a patio, or beneath the canopy of a favorite tree. These versatile plants offer a stunning variety of flower shapes and foliage patterns that can transform any quiet corner into a focal point. At Longfield Gardens, we love how begonias provide continuous blooms from the early days of summer all the way until the first frost of autumn.
This guide is designed to help you succeed with begonias, whether you are planting them in garden beds or decorative containers. We will cover everything from selecting the right varieties to the simple steps of planting and seasonal care. Our goal is to make your gardening experience easy and enjoyable. By following a few basic principles, you can enjoy the lush growth and brilliant colors of these exceptional plants year after year.
Understanding the Different Types of Begonias
Before you begin, it helps to know which type of begonia best fits your garden goals. While there are thousands of species, most home gardeners focus on a few popular categories. Each offers something unique in terms of growth habit and flower style.
Tuberous Begonias
Tuberous begonias are famous for their large, spectacular flowers that often resemble roses or camellias. They grow from a thick, brown, bulb-like structure called a tuber. These are the stars of the shade garden. They come in upright varieties for garden beds and trailing varieties that look beautiful in hanging baskets.
Many of the most popular varieties we offer fall into this category. The Non-Stop series is a favorite because it produces double flowers all season long. If you want something for a basket, the Illumination series offers a cascading habit that creates a waterfall of color.
Wax Begonias
Wax begonias are smaller, fibrous-rooted plants typically used as bedding annuals. They have glossy, succulent leaves that are either green or bronze. Their flowers are smaller than tuberous types but very prolific. They are excellent for edging walkways or filling in gaps in a border.
Cane Begonias
Often called "Angel Wing" begonias because of their long, pointed leaves, these plants grow on upright, bamboo-like stems. They are prized for their interesting foliage, which often features silver spots or reddish undersides. These are frequently grown as houseplants but can spend the summer outdoors in a sheltered spot.
Rex Begonias
Rex begonias are grown primarily for their incredible leaves. The foliage can feature swirls of silver, purple, pink, and deep burgundy. While they do produce small flowers, the main attraction is the artistic pattern on the leaves. They add a sophisticated look to mixed container displays.
Key Takeaway: Choose tuberous begonias for large, rose-like blooms and wax begonias for low-maintenance garden edging. Use Rex or Cane varieties to add dramatic foliage texture to your containers.
When to Plant Your Begonias
Timing is one of the most important factors when you grow begonias. Because they are tropical in origin, they have no tolerance for frost. If the soil is too cold or if there is a lingering chill in the air, the plants will struggle to start.
Watching the Weather
The best time to move begonias outdoors is when the threat of frost has completely passed. In most parts of the United States, this is in late spring or early summer. A good rule of thumb is to wait until the nighttime temperatures are consistently above 60°F. If you live in a cooler climate, you can get a head start by beginning your tubers indoors several weeks before the last frost.
USDA Hardiness Zones
Begonias are hardy in zones 9 through 11. In these warm regions, they may live outdoors year-round. However, for most of the country (zones 3 through 8), they are treated as annuals or brought indoors for the winter. We time our shipments based on your specific hardiness zone to ensure your items arrive when the weather is appropriate for your area.
Preparing the Perfect Spot
Begonias are not demanding, but they do have specific preferences for light and soil. Getting these basics right will lead to much healthier plants and more flowers.
Light Requirements
The phrase "shade-loving" can sometimes be confusing. Most begonias prefer filtered light or dappled shade rather than deep, dark shadows. A spot that gets gentle morning sun and protection from the harsh afternoon sun is ideal.
If begonias get too much direct sunlight, their leaves may scorch or turn brown at the edges. Conversely, if they are in too much shade, they may become "leggy" as they stretch toward the light, and flower production will slow down.
Soil and Drainage
Good drainage is essential for begonias. They like to stay moist, but they do not like to sit in soggy soil. If you are planting in the ground, you can improve heavy clay soil by mixing in some compost or peat moss. This creates a lighter texture that allows water to move through easily.
For containers, always use a high-quality potting mix. Avoid using garden soil in pots, as it is too heavy and can compress, which may lead to root issues. Ensure your pots have drainage holes at the bottom to let excess water escape.
What to do next:
- Identify a spot with morning sun and afternoon shade.
- Check that your garden soil feels loose and crumbly.
- Select containers with plenty of drainage holes.
- Purchase a high-quality, peat-based potting mix.
How to Plant Begonia Tubers
If you are starting with tubers, the planting process is slightly different than planting a typical bulb. Begonia tubers have a distinct shape that tells you which way is up.
Identifying the Top
One side of the tuber is usually indented or bowl-shaped. This is the top. The smooth, rounded side is the bottom. You may sometimes see tiny pink or white "eyes" or sprouts starting to form in the indented side. These are the stems of the future plant.
Planting Depth and Spacing
Begonias do not need to be planted very deep. In fact, planting them too deep is a common reason they might fail to sprout. Place the tuber about 1/2 inch to 1 inch below the soil surface. Cover it lightly with soil.
If you are planting in the garden, space the tubers about 10 to 12 inches apart. This gives them enough room to spread out and ensures good air circulation around the leaves. In a 12-inch container, you can typically plant three tubers for a very full and lush look.
Starting Indoors for Early Blooms
Because tuberous begonias can take a few weeks to wake up, many gardeners start them indoors in March or April.
- Fill a shallow tray with moist potting mix.
- Press the tubers into the mix, indented side up, but do not cover them completely with soil yet.
- Place the tray in a warm, bright spot (but not in direct sun).
- Keep the soil just barely moist.
- Once the sprouts are about an inch tall, you can move them into their final pots and cover the tubers with a thin layer of soil.
Key Takeaway: Always plant begonia tubers with the indented side facing up. A shallow planting depth of about half an inch is perfect for encouraging quick sprouting.
Water and Fertilizer: The Keys to Growth
Once your begonias are growing, they need a consistent routine of water and nutrients to produce those famous blooms.
Watering Correctly
The goal with begonias is to keep the soil evenly moist, like a wrung-out sponge. You should check the soil every day, especially during the heat of summer. Stick your finger an inch into the soil. If it feels dry, it is time to water.
Try to water at the base of the plant. Getting water on the leaves and flowers can sometimes lead to fungal issues like powdery mildew. If you are growing begonias in hanging baskets, remember that they dry out much faster than plants in the ground. You may need to water them every morning during July and August.
Feeding Your Plants
Begonias are "heavy feeders." This means they use up nutrients quickly to produce their lush foliage and constant flowers. We recommend using a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer.
A liquid fertilizer applied every two weeks is usually sufficient. Look for a blend that is formulated for flowering plants. Always follow the instructions on the package for the correct dilution. If you prefer a "set it and forget it" approach, you can mix slow-release fertilizer granules into the soil at planting time.
Caring for Your Begonias All Summer
One of the best things about begonias is that they are relatively low maintenance. They are "self-cleaning," which means the old flowers often drop off on their own. However, a little bit of grooming can keep them looking their best.
Deadheading and Pruning
While not strictly necessary for all varieties, removing spent blooms (deadheading) can help the plant focus its energy on new flowers. Simply pinch off the faded flower at the base of its stem. If your wax begonias or cane begonias become a bit too tall or "leggy," don't be afraid to pinch back the tips of the stems. This encourages the plant to branch out and become bushier.
Air Circulation
Begonias appreciate a gentle breeze. Good air circulation is the best way to prevent common issues like powdery mildew or leaf spot. Avoid overcrowding your plants. If you notice the foliage is getting very dense, you can thin out a few leaves to let more air reach the center of the plant.
Managing Pests
Begonias are generally quite hardy, but you may occasionally see aphids or spider mites. A gentle spray of water can often dislodge these visitors. For more persistent issues, a simple insecticidal soap can do the trick. Always test a small area of the leaf first to ensure the plant doesn't react poorly to the spray.
Design Ideas for Begonias
Begonias offer so much variety that they can fit into almost any garden style. Here are a few ways we like to use them to create beautiful displays.
The "Thriller, Filler, Spiller" Method
If you are creating a mixed container, begonias are excellent "thrillers" or "fillers."
- Thriller: Use a tall Cane begonia or an upright Tuberous begonia in the center to provide height and drama.
- Filler: Use compact Rex begonias to fill the space around the base with colorful leaves.
- Spiller: Use trailing varieties like the Illumination series to overflow the edges of the pot.
Shady Borders and Walkways
Wax begonias are perfect for creating a clean, colorful edge along a shaded path. Their consistent height and dense growth create a professional look with very little effort. For a more natural look, tuck tuberous begonias into the gaps between hostas and ferns. The bright flowers provide a stunning contrast against the green foliage of other shade plants.
Window Boxes and Hanging Baskets
Because begonias thrive in partial shade, they are the perfect choice for window boxes on the north or east side of a house. Combine them with trailing plants like ivy or lobelia for a classic, elegant look. Hanging baskets filled with pendulous begonias are a great way to bring color up to eye level on a porch or balcony.
What to do next:
- Pinch back leggy stems to encourage bushy growth.
- Apply a liquid fertilizer every two weeks for maximum blooms.
- Water at the soil level to keep the leaves dry.
- Remove faded flowers to keep the display looking tidy.
Transitioning to Winter: Overwintering Begonias
When the summer ends and the first light frost is predicted, it is time to decide if you want to save your begonias for next year. While many people treat them as annuals, tuberous begonias are very easy to save.
Saving Tuberous Begonias
When the leaves start to turn yellow in the fall, stop watering the plant. This signals to the tuber that it is time to go to sleep. After the first frost blackens the foliage, carefully dig up the tubers.
- Cut off the stems, leaving about an inch attached to the tuber.
- Let the tubers dry in a cool, dry place for a few days.
- Gently brush off any excess soil.
- Place the tubers in a box filled with dry peat moss, perlite, or sawdust.
- Store the box in a cool (40–50°F), dark place, such as a basement or a garage that doesn't freeze.
In the spring, you can pull them out, check for firmness, and start the planting process all over again.
Moving Foliage Begonias Indoors
Rex and Cane begonias can often be brought inside to live as houseplants during the winter. Before bringing them in, check them thoroughly for any outdoor hitchhikers like insects. Place them in a bright room with indirect light. They may drop a few leaves as they adjust to the lower humidity of the indoors, but they will usually bounce back once they settle in.
Key Takeaway: Saving begonia tubers is a simple way to enjoy your favorite colors year after year. Store them in a cool, dry spot and they will be ready to go again next spring.
Growing Begonias as Houseplants
If you don't have a garden, or if you simply want to enjoy begonias year-round, many varieties thrive indoors. Rex begonias, in particular, are beloved as houseplants because their foliage is so decorative.
Indoor Lighting and Humidity
Indoors, begonias prefer bright, indirect light. A window facing east or west is usually perfect. Avoid south-facing windows where the light might be too intense and hot.
Begonias love humidity, which can be a challenge in heated homes during the winter. You can increase the humidity around your plant by placing the pot on a tray filled with pebbles and a little bit of water. As the water evaporates, it creates a moist microclimate for the leaves. Just make sure the bottom of the pot is sitting on the pebbles, not in the water.
Potting and Repotting
Begonias actually like to be slightly "root-bound," which means they prefer a pot that is just a little bit small for them. You don't need to rush to repot them every year. When you do repot, choose a container that is only one size larger than the current one. Use a light, well-draining indoor potting mix.
Simple Troubleshooting Tips
Gardening is a learning experience, and sometimes plants don't behave exactly as we expect. If your begonias aren't thriving, it is usually due to one of a few common factors.
Why Are the Leaves Turning Yellow?
Yellow leaves are often a sign of overwatering. If the soil stays too wet for too long, the roots can't "breathe," and the plant may start to rot. If you see yellowing, let the soil dry out for a few days before watering again. Check your drainage holes to make sure they aren't blocked.
Why Are the Flowers Falling Off?
It is normal for old flowers to fall off, but if buds are dropping before they open, the plant might be stressed. This can happen if the temperature is too high or if the soil has become bone-dry. Ensure the plant is in a shaded, cool spot and that you are keeping the moisture levels consistent.
Why is the Plant Getting Leggy?
As mentioned earlier, leggy growth is usually a cry for more light. Move your plant to a spot that receives brighter, indirect light. You can also pinch back the long stems to encourage the plant to grow more compactly.
The Rewarding Nature of Begonias
Growing begonias is a wonderful way to bring life and vibrancy to the quieter, shadier parts of your home and garden. These plants are generous with their blooms and surprisingly resilient once they are settled in. Whether you choose the massive, rose-like flowers of the tuberous varieties or the intricate, colorful patterns of the foliage types, you are adding something truly special to your landscape.
At Longfield Gardens, we take pride in providing high-quality tubers that are ready to perform in your garden. We work with experienced growers to ensure every plant we ship meets our high standards. We want you to feel confident and excited as you start your gardening journey. With a little bit of water, some gentle shade, and a regular feeding, your begonias will reward you with a spectacular show all season long.
The most important thing to remember is that gardening should be a joy. Don't worry about perfection. Instead, enjoy the process of watching a small tuber transform into a lush, flowering plant. Every season offers a new chance to learn and a new reason to fall in love with the beauty of begonias.
Final Thought: Begonias are the ultimate solution for shade. By matching the right variety to your space and providing consistent moisture, you can create a professional-looking garden with ease.
FAQ
Can begonias grow in full sun?
Most begonias prefer partial shade or filtered light. While some wax begonias with bronze leaves can handle more sun, the large-flowered tuberous varieties will usually scorch if exposed to the hot, direct midday sun. If you have a sunny spot, look for varieties specifically labeled as "sun-tolerant."
How often should I water my begonias?
This depends on your weather and whether the plant is in the ground or a container. As a general rule, water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. In the heat of summer, containers and hanging baskets may need water every day, while garden beds may only need it two or three times a week.
Do I need to dig up my begonias every year?
If you live in USDA zones 9–11, you can leave them in the ground. In colder zones (3–8), begonias will not survive the winter outdoors. You can either treat them as annuals and plant new ones each year or dig up the tubers in the fall to store them indoors for the winter.
Why are my begonia tubers not sprouting?
Begonia tubers can be slow to wake up, sometimes taking 4 to 6 weeks to show growth. Common reasons for failure include planting them too deep or keeping the soil too wet, which can cause the tuber to rot. Ensure they are planted indented-side up, only a half-inch deep, and kept in a warm, bright spot.
FAQ
Can begonias grow in full sun?
Most begonias prefer partial shade or filtered light. While some wax begonias with bronze leaves can handle more sun, the large-flowered tuberous varieties will usually scorch if exposed to the hot, direct midday sun. If you have a sunny spot, look for varieties specifically labeled as "sun-tolerant."
How often should I water my begonias?
This depends on your weather and whether the plant is in the ground or a container. As a general rule, water when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. In the heat of summer, containers and hanging baskets may need water every day, while garden beds may only need it two or three times a week.
Do I need to dig up my begonias every year?
If you live in USDA zones 9 through 11, you can leave them in the ground. In colder zones, begonias will not survive the winter outdoors. You can either treat them as annuals and plant new ones each year or dig up the tubers in the fall to store them indoors for the winter.
Why are my begonia tubers not sprouting?
Begonia tubers can be slow to wake up, sometimes taking 4 to 6 weeks to show growth. Common reasons for failure include planting them too deep or keeping the soil too wet, which can cause the tuber to rot. Ensure they are planted indented-side up, only a half-inch deep, and kept in a warm, bright spot.