Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Why Choose Canna for Your Garden?
- When to Start Growing Canna
- Selecting the Right Location
- How to Plant Canna Rhizomes
- Summer Care for Vibrant Blooms
- Growing Canna in Containers
- Overwintering: What to Do in the Fall
- Troubleshooting Common Issues
- Popular Canna Varieties to Try
- Designing with Canna Lilies
- Conclusion
- FAQ
Introduction
There is something undeniably joyful about the sight of a canna lily unfurling its broad, banana-like leaves in the heat of summer. These plants bring an instant tropical energy to any space, whether you have a sprawling backyard or a small sunny balcony. At Longfield Gardens, we love how cannas bridge the gap between late spring bulbs and the final blooms of autumn. They are resilient, fast-growing, and reward even the busiest gardener with months of spectacular color.
This guide will walk you through everything you need to know about growing canna in your own garden. We will cover the best planting times, how to choose the perfect sunny spot, and the simple steps for keeping your plants thriving all season long. Whether you are a beginner or a seasoned pro, these tips will help you achieve impressive results.
Growing these striking plants is an achievable goal for everyone, regardless of skill level. By following a few basic principles, you can transform your garden into a lush, vibrant retreat.
Why Choose Canna for Your Garden?
Cannas are the heavyweights of the summer garden. While many plants begin to fade when the August heat arrives, cannas are just hitting their stride. They are prized not only for their exotic flowers but also for their architectural foliage.
The leaves come in a stunning array of colors and patterns. You can find varieties with deep burgundy leaves, bright lime green foliage, or even stripes of orange, yellow, and cream. Because the leaves are so large, they provide a sense of structure and privacy that few other perennials can match.
The flowers themselves are equally impressive. They bloom in saturated shades of red, orange, yellow, pink, and bicolor combinations. These blooms are a magnet for hummingbirds and pollinators, adding movement and life to your outdoor space. Best of all, cannas are incredibly versatile. They are just as happy in a formal flower bed as they are in a large container or even tucked near the edge of a pond.
When to Start Growing Canna
Timing is one of the most important factors when growing canna. Because these are tropical plants, they have no tolerance for frost or cold soil. Pushing the season too early can cause the rhizomes to rot in cold, wet ground. If you want a zone-specific reference, check our Hardiness Zone Map.
Understanding Soil Temperature
The most reliable rule for planting cannas is to wait until the soil has warmed to at least 60°F. For many gardeners in the United States, this timing coincides with when you would traditionally plant out tomatoes or peppers. A simple way to check is to use a soil thermometer. If the soil feels cold to the touch and the nights are still chilly, it is better to wait.
Starting Early Indoors
If you live in a region with a short growing season, you can give your cannas a head start. About four to six weeks before the last expected frost, plant your rhizomes in pots indoors. Place them in a warm, bright location like a sunroom or a heated greenhouse.
Starting them early allows the plants to establish a strong root system and a few inches of growth before they ever touch the garden soil. This often results in earlier blooms and a more substantial display by midsummer.
Shipping and Arrival
When you order from us, we coordinate our shipping schedule based on your USDA hardiness zone. This ensures your rhizomes arrive at the appropriate time for your local climate. For shipping details, see our Shipping Information. Once they arrive, it is best to get them into the ground or a pot as soon as the weather permits. If you must wait a few days, keep them in a cool, dry place out of direct sunlight.
Key Takeaway: Patience pays off with cannas. Wait for warm soil and consistent nighttime temperatures above 50°F before moving your plants outside.
Selecting the Right Location
To get the most out of your cannas, you need to match their tropical needs with the right spot in your yard. "Right plant, right place" is the golden rule of successful gardening.
Light Requirements
Cannas are sun worshippers. To produce those vibrant flowers and keep their foliage colors intense, they need full sun. This means at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight every day. While they can grow in partial shade, they will likely become "leggy"—meaning the stems grow extra tall and weak as they reach for the light. Furthermore, plants in the shade produce fewer flowers.
Soil and Drainage
In the world of gardening, "drainage" simply refers to how fast water leaves the soil. Cannas are unique because they actually enjoy more moisture than many other summer bulbs. They thrive in rich, fertile soil that stays consistently moist.
However, even moisture-loving plants need some oxygen around their roots. If your soil is heavy clay and holds water like a bathtub, it is helpful to mix in some compost or organic matter. This improves the soil structure, allowing it to hold onto the moisture cannas love while letting excess water move away so the rhizomes do not rot.
Wind Protection
Because cannas have such large, soft leaves, they can act like sails in a storm. High winds can shred the foliage, leaving the plants looking a bit tattered. If possible, plant your cannas in a spot that is sheltered from strong, prevailing winds. Planting them near a fence, a wall, or a sturdy hedge provides a natural windbreak that keeps the leaves looking pristine.
Using Cannas in the Landscape
Think about the height of your chosen variety when picking a spot.
- Tall varieties: Use these as a living privacy screen or a backdrop for shorter flowers.
- Dwarf varieties: These are perfect for the front of a border or for adding a tropical touch to smaller flower beds.
- Water features: Because they tolerate "wet feet," cannas are excellent for planting near the edge of a pond or in a rain garden.
How to Plant Canna Rhizomes
Planting cannas is a straightforward process. You do not need any specialized tools—just a trowel, some compost, and a little bit of space.
Preparing the Soil
Before you dig your holes, take a moment to prepare the area. Loosen the soil to a depth of about 8 to 10 inches. Mixing in a few inches of compost or well-rotted manure will give your cannas the nutrients they need to grow quickly. Cannas are "heavy feeders," which means they use a lot of energy to produce all that foliage and bloom. Starting with rich soil makes a big difference.
Depth and Spacing
Getting the depth and spacing right is a quiet win in the garden. It ensures the plant is deep enough to be stable but shallow enough to feel the warmth of the sun. For spacing guidance, see our how far apart to plant canna bulbs.
- Dig a hole: Your hole should be about 2 to 3 inches deep.
- Position the rhizome: Lay the rhizome horizontally in the hole. Look for the "eyes"—these are the little bumps or nodes where new growth will emerge. Point these eyes upward.
- Space them out: Give your plants room to breathe. Space large varieties 18 to 24 inches apart. Smaller or dwarf varieties can be spaced 12 to 15 inches apart.
- Cover and firm: Fill the hole back in with soil and press down gently with your hands to remove any large air pockets.
First Watering
Once you have finished planting, water the area thoroughly. This settles the soil around the rhizome and "wakes up" the plant. After this initial watering, you can be more conservative with water until you see the first green shoots peeking through the soil. Once they are growing, you can ramp up your watering schedule.
What to Do Next:
- Check your soil temperature with a thermometer.
- Amend the planting area with 2-3 inches of compost.
- Plant rhizomes 2-3 inches deep with the "eyes" facing up.
- Give them a deep soak immediately after planting.
Summer Care for Vibrant Blooms
Once your cannas are established, they are relatively low-maintenance. However, a little bit of consistent care will keep them looking spectacular from July until the first frost.
Watering Correctly
Cannas are thirsty plants. Unlike many other bulbs that prefer to dry out between waterings, cannas like to stay moist. During the hottest weeks of the summer, you may need to water them every other day, especially if they are growing in containers.
The goal is to water deeply, reaching the roots, rather than just wetting the surface of the leaves. A layer of mulch, such as shredded bark or straw, can help hold moisture in the soil and keep the roots cool.
Fertilizing for Success
Because cannas grow so fast, they need plenty of fuel. We recommend applying a balanced, slow-release fertilizer at planting time. Mid-season, you can follow up with a liquid fertilizer every few weeks to encourage more blooms. A fertilizer formulated for roses or tomatoes often works well for cannas.
If your leaves look a bit pale, it might be a sign that the plants need more nutrients. Healthy canna leaves should be deep green, bronze, or vividly striped, depending on the variety.
The Art of Deadheading
"Deadheading" is simply the process of removing spent flowers. This serves two purposes. First, it keeps the plant looking tidy. Second, it prevents the plant from putting energy into producing seeds. When you remove the old flowers, the plant redirects its energy into producing more blooms.
When a flower fades, snip it off with a pair of clean garden shears. Be careful to only remove the individual spent flower, as new buds often form right behind the old ones on the same stalk. Once the entire flower stalk has finished blooming, you can cut that stalk back to the first set of leaves.
Supporting Tall Plants
Most cannas have very sturdy stems and do not require staking. However, if you are growing a variety that reaches 6 or 7 feet in height and you live in a particularly windy area, you might find that a simple bamboo stake provides some peace of mind. Tie the stem loosely to the stake with soft twine to allow for movement.
Growing Canna in Containers
If you have limited garden space, containers are a fantastic way to enjoy cannas. A single canna in a beautiful pot can serve as a bold focal point on a patio or porch.
Choosing the Right Pot
Cannas have vigorous root systems, so they need plenty of room. Choose a container that is at least 15 to 18 inches in diameter for a single rhizome. Ensure the pot has drainage holes at the bottom to prevent water from sitting and becoming stagnant.
Potting Mix and Planting
Use a high-quality potting soil rather than garden soil. Potting soil is lighter and designed to provide the right balance of drainage and moisture retention for container living. Plant the rhizome at the same depth as you would in the ground (2 to 3 inches deep).
Container Maintenance
Plants in pots dry out much faster than those in the ground. In the peak of summer, you might need to water your container cannas daily. Since frequent watering can wash nutrients out of the soil, it is especially important to use a liquid fertilizer every two weeks to keep the plants well-fed.
Key Takeaway: Container cannas are heavy drinkers and hungry eaters. Water daily in heat and fertilize regularly for the best display.
Overwintering: What to Do in the Fall
Cannas are perennials, but their survival over winter depends entirely on your local climate. They are generally hardy in USDA zones 7 through 10. If you live in a colder region (zones 3 through 6), you will need to take a few extra steps to save your rhizomes for next year.
For Warm Climates (Zones 7–10)
In these areas, cannas can often stay in the ground all year. Once the first frost hits and turns the foliage brown, cut the stems back to about 3 or 4 inches above the ground. Apply a thick layer of mulch (about 4 to 6 inches) over the top of the plants. This mulch acts like a blanket, protecting the rhizomes from occasional cold snaps.
For Cold Climates (Zones 3–6)
In the North, the winter ground freezes deep enough to kill canna rhizomes. Lifting them is a simple autumn tradition that ensures you can enjoy the same plants year after year.
- Wait for frost: Let the first light frost blacken the foliage. This sends a signal to the plant to go dormant.
- Cut them back: Trim the stalks down to about 4 inches.
- Dig carefully: Use a garden fork or shovel to lift the clump of rhizomes out of the ground. Be careful not to bruise or cut the "tubers."
- Clean and dry: Shake off the excess soil. Let the rhizomes sit in a dry, shaded area (like a garage or shed) for a few days to "cure."
- Store for winter: Place the rhizomes in a box or a breathable bag filled with slightly damp peat moss or vermiculite. Store them in a cool, dark place that stays between 40°F and 50°F. A basement or an attached garage is often perfect.
Check on your stored rhizomes once or twice during the winter. If they look shriveled, mist them with a little water. If any look soft or rotten, remove them immediately so the problem doesn't spread.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
Cannas are generally very healthy plants, but like any living thing, they can sometimes run into challenges. Usually, these issues are easy to fix with a few simple adjustments.
Why Won't My Cannas Bloom?
If your plants are growing lots of leaves but no flowers, the most common culprit is a lack of light. Move them to a sunnier spot next year. Another possibility is that the soil is too poor. Remember, these are hungry plants that need fertilizer to produce those big blooms. Finally, make sure you aren't over-fertilizing with high-nitrogen products, which encourage leaf growth at the expense of flowers.
Dealing with Pests
In some areas, you might notice "leaf rollers." These are small caterpillars that stitch the leaves together before they unfurl. The easiest way to handle them is to keep an eye on your plants as the leaves emerge. If you see a leaf that looks stuck together, you can often manually remove the pest. For larger infestations, consult your local extension office for advice on safe, targeted treatments.
Slugs and snails also enjoy the tender young leaves of cannas. A bit of copper tape around a pot or a shallow dish of beer near the plants can help manage these visitors without using harsh chemicals.
Yellowing Leaves
If the leaves are turning yellow and the plant looks stunted, it might be getting too much water or the soil might not be draining well enough. While they like moisture, they don't want to sit in a swamp of stagnant water. Adjust your watering or improve the drainage in the area.
Popular Canna Varieties to Try
At Longfield Gardens, we offer a variety of cannas to suit different styles and spaces. Here are a few types that are always popular with home gardeners.
- Canna 'Striata': Known for its striking green and yellow striped leaves and bright orange flowers. It is a fantastic choice for adding texture to a border.
- Canna 'Wyoming': This variety features dark, bronze-purple foliage that provides a dramatic contrast to its vivid orange blooms. It can reach heights of 6 feet or more.
- Canna 'Lucifer': A classic dwarf variety. It stays compact (about 2 to 3 feet tall) and features red flowers with a bright yellow border. It is perfect for containers.
- Canna 'Picasso': A unique variety with yellow flowers covered in red spots, reminiscent of a leopard print. It is a great conversation starter.
Selecting a mix of tall and dwarf varieties, along with different foliage colors, creates a layered, professional look in your garden.
Designing with Canna Lilies
Because cannas are so bold, they work best when they have companions that can stand up to their strong personality.
Texture and Contrast
Pair the large, smooth leaves of cannas with plants that have fine or feathery foliage. Ornamental grasses are a perfect partner. The wispy blades of grass dancing in the wind provide a beautiful contrast to the solid, stationary presence of canna leaves.
Color Echoing
Try "echoing" the colors of your cannas with other summer-blooming plants. If you are growing a red-flowered canna, plant some red zinnias or salvias nearby. If your canna has yellow-striped leaves, a few yellow marigolds at the base will tie the whole look together.
Creating a Tropical Corner
If you want to go all-in on the tropical theme, group your cannas with other heat-loving plants like dahlias, elephant ears, and hibiscus. This creates a lush, jungle-like atmosphere that feels like a vacation in your own backyard. For the tallest canna options, browse our Tall Cannas.
What to Do Next:
- Choose 2-3 different varieties for a mix of heights.
- Plan your "companion" plants, like grasses or zinnias.
- Order your rhizomes early to ensure you get your favorite colors.
Conclusion
Growing canna is one of the most rewarding ways to bring high-impact color and a tropical feel to your home landscape. These plants are tough, versatile, and incredibly generous with their blooms. By simply getting the soil temperature right, providing plenty of sun and water, and giving them a bit of food, you can enjoy a spectacular display that lasts for months.
Gardening should always be an enjoyable journey. Whether you are planting a single pot on your patio or a long hedge along a fence, the presence of cannas makes the summer feel just a little more special. We are here to support you with quality plants and practical advice every step of the way.
- Wait for warm soil (60°F) before planting.
- Provide full sun and consistent moisture.
- Deadhead spent blooms to encourage more flowers.
- Lift and store rhizomes in the fall if you live in a cold climate.
We invite you to explore the vibrant world of cannas and see how easy it is to create a beautiful, tropical-inspired garden. Visit our website at Longfield Gardens to find the perfect varieties for your space and start planning your most colorful summer yet.
"The bold foliage and brilliant blooms of cannas turn any garden into a summer sanctuary with very little effort."
FAQ
When is the best time to plant canna rhizomes?
The best time to plant cannas is in the spring, once the danger of frost has passed and the soil temperature has reached at least 60°F. In most regions, this is the same time you would plant tomatoes. If you live in a cold climate, you can start them indoors in pots about a month before your last frost date to get a head start on the season.
How much sun do cannas really need?
Cannas are sun-loving tropical plants that perform best in full sun. This means they should receive at least six to eight hours of direct sunlight every day. While they can grow in partial shade, they will produce fewer flowers and the foliage colors may not be as vibrant.
Do I need to dig up my canna rhizomes every year?
This depends on your USDA hardiness zone. If you live in zones 7 through 10, cannas can typically stay in the ground year-round with a thick layer of mulch for winter protection. If you live in zones 3 through 6, you will need to lift the rhizomes in the fall after the first frost and store them in a cool, frost-free place for the winter.
Why are the leaves on my cannas looking shredded?
The most common cause of shredded leaves is wind damage. Because canna leaves are so large and relatively soft, they are easily damaged by strong gusts. If possible, plant them in a sheltered location near a fence or wall. Another possibility is "leaf rollers," which are small caterpillars; checking the unfurling leaves and removing any pests can help keep the foliage looking clean.